The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander explores the racial disparities within the criminal justice system in the United States, arguing that mass incarceration has become a new form of racial control. Alexander examines how policies such as the War on Drugs have disproportionately targeted and harmed Black and Brown communities, perpetuating a cycle of discrimination and inequality. The book calls for a reevaluation of the criminal justice system and a shift towards more equitable and just policies.